With the development of the aging population,the incidence of osteoporosis increases year by year.Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture is the most common serious complication.CT and MRI have unique advantages compared with dual-energy X-ray absorption in the evaluation of osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.As a new method of medical image analysis,deep learning technology can automatically segment,classify,and detect vertebrae in CT and MRI images.This article mainly reviews the studies on the evaluation of vertebral osteoporosis and related fractures by CT and MRI combined with deep learning respectively.