Osteoporosis(OP)is one of the main problems affecting the health of middle-aged and elderly people,and its most serious complication is osteoporotic fracture(OPF),which also has a high disability and mortality rate.The accurate screening and diagnosis of OP mainly rely on imaging analysis,and the diagnosis result rely on the subjective judgment of doctors.Therefore,the traditional imaging method of OP have certain challenges to the accurate screening,diagnosis and differentiation of OP.The cross-fusion of machine learning(ML)and imaging images effectively improves the diagnostic efficiency of clinicians,while realizing the prediction of unknown diseases(such as OPF).Recently,significant progress has been made in the screening and diagnosis of OP and in the diagnosis and prediction of OPF.This paper will review the recent related studies on ML model-assisted screening and diagnosis of OP based on imaging data,so as to provide new ideas for accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment of OP.