Osteoporosis(OP)is a common bone disease characterized by the destruction of bone microstructure and the decrease of bone density.Dendritic cells,NK cells,lymphocytes and other innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells interact with bone cells,participate in the regulation ofinflammatory response and immune regulation,and affect the occurrence and development of OP.Thisstudy systematically sorted out the mechanism of innate and adaptive immune cells acting on bone metabolism by directly or indirectly mediating the inflammatory response through the interaction of various factors and other immune cells,in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of OP.