The pathogenic factors of osteoporosis have been widely revealed in epidemiological investigations,but these observational studies have potential confounding and reverse causality effects,and cannot reveal the pathogenesis at the genetic level.Mendelian randomization studies enable the assessment of causality between exposure and outcome by examining the relationship between genetic predisposition to a risk factor and disease outcome.In recent years,many Mendelian randomization studies on osteoporosis have been published,which not only explain and supplement the evidence related to the pathogenic factors of osteoporosis from previous epidemiological surveys and cross-sectional studies,but also provide new insights into some controversial views.This article aims to introduce the recent Mendelian randomization studies that use osteoporosis as the outcome index to study its relationship with diseases,blood indicators,lifestyle and other exposure factors,in order to enrich the pathogenesis and prevention ideas of osteoporosis,and provide theoretical basis for subsequent clinical and public health decision-making.
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