This article focuses on a specific sewage treatment plant as the subject of research and explores the application of luminescent bacterial toxicity monitoring in sewage early warning.By selecting a luminescent bacteria toxicity online analyzer,the toxicity characteristics of water quality in sewage treatment plants were analyzed,and based on long-term monitoring data of sewage pipelines and comparative experiments of nitrifying bacteria sludge aeration,a biological toxicity warning threshold of 45%was established.The research results indicate that the toxicity monitoring technology of luminescent bacteria is of great significance for maintaining the stable operation of the biochemical system in sewage treatment plants.