首页|农业面源污染治理效果监测与评价——以铜陵市义安区为例

农业面源污染治理效果监测与评价——以铜陵市义安区为例

Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control Effect:Taking Yi'an District,Tongling City,Anhui Province as an Example

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农业面源污染治理效果监测与评价对于衡量农业面源污染治理效果具有重要意义.针对安徽省铜陵市义安区农业面源污染治理项目,按照"污染源—输送途径—受纳水域"的监测思路,确定了各治理工程的监测点位、频次和指标,采用单因子评价法及综合污染指数法分析和评价了各项治理工程的实施效果.结果表明,总氮(TN)为导致研究区农田面源污染的主要污染物,在治理工程建设前的平均超标倍数(Ⅲ类水体标准)达到了 1.58倍.治理工程建设完成后,各污染物的浓度削减幅度排序为铵态氮(NH4+-N)＞TN＞化学需氧量(COD)＞总磷(TP).在畜禽养殖污染治理工程中,各工艺的污染物去除效果排序为厌氧还田工艺＞异位发酵工艺＞氧化塘工艺.厌氧还田工艺和异位发酵工艺的治理后污染物去除率均高于治理前,氧化塘工艺反之.其中:厌氧还田、异位发酵、氧化塘3种工艺的COD综合去除率分别为44.43％、20.91％、33.70％;厌氧还田工艺的NH4+-N综合去除率最高,为69.66％;异位发酵工艺对应的去除率最高的污染因子为悬浮物(SS),去除率为55.44％;氧化塘工艺的TP综合去除率最高,为74.72％.水产养殖污染治理工程采用的是"三池两坝"工艺,对应的各污染物的去除率排序为TP＞TN＞SS.基于熵权综合污染指数的农业面源污染状况评价结果显示,项目区在实施农业面源污染治理工程前处于污染状态,在实施农业面源污染治理工程后达到合格状态.研究结果可为长江流域农业面源污染治理效果监测与评价提供参考.
Monitoring and evaluation of agricultural non-point source pollution control effect is of great significance to measure the implementation effect of agricultural non-point source pollution and control it in small watershed.Taking agricultural non-point source pollution control project in Yi'an District,Tongling City,Anhui Province as an example,according to the monitoring principle of"source of pollution-transport route-receiving water area",this paper determined the monitoring points,frequencies and indicators of each treatment project,used single factor index method and comprehensive pollution index method to analyze and evaluate the implementation effect of each treatment project.The results showed that TN was the main pollutant of farmland non-point source pollution.In the early stage of treatment,the multiple of exceeding the standard(Class Ⅲ of surface water)reached 1.58.After engineering treatment,the pattern of pollutant reduction concentration was NH4+-N＞TN＞COD＞TP.In the control project of livestock and poultry breeding pollution,the removal effect of pollutants after each process was anaerobic returning process＞ectopic fermentation process＞oxidation pond process.The removal rate of pollutants in anaerobic returning process and ectopic fermentation process was higher than that in early stage,oxidation pond process was on the contrary.The comprehensive COD removal rates of the three processes were 44.43％,20.91％and 33.70％,respectively.The removal rate of NH4-N in anaerobic field returning process was 69.66％,which was the highest.Suspended solids(SS)was the pollution factor with the highest pollutant removal rate in ectopic fermentation process,and its removal rate was 55.44％.The comprehensive TP removal rate of oxidation pond process was also the highest,which was 74.72％.Aquaculture pollution control project adopted the"three pools and two dams"process,and the removal sequence of each pollutant was TP＞TN＞SS.Based on the comprehensive pollution index evaluation of entropy weight,this paper found that the agricultural non-point source pollution project in the study area was in the polluted state before treatment,while the evaluation result reached the qualified state after treatment.This study can provide reference for methods of monitoring and evaluation of agricultural non-point source pollution control effect in the Yangtze River basin.

agricultural non-point source pollutionthe Yangtze River basinenvironmental monitoringcomprehensive pollution index methodeffect evaluation

常珺枫、骆美、李陈、刘莹、武升、马友华

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安徽农业大学资源与环境学院农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥 230036

农业面源污染 长江流域 环境监测 综合污染指数法 效果评价

安徽省农业可持续发展专项铜陵市义安区长江经济带农业面源污染治理基金

20205582019-340721-05-01-005999

2024

10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2024.04.23

中国环境监测
中国环境监测总站

中国环境监测

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.761
ISSN：1002-6002
年,卷(期)：2024.40(4)
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