Abstract
This research proposes a novel nature-based design of a new concrete armour unit for the cover layer of a rubble-mound breakwater.Armour units are versatile with respect to shape,orientation,surface condition details,and poros-ity.Therefore,a detailed analysis is required to investigate the exact state of their hydraulic interactions and structural responses.In this regard,the performance results of several traditional armour units,including the Antifer cube,Tetrapod,X-block and natural stone,are considered for the first step of this study.Then,the related observed results are compared with those obtained for a newly designed(artificial coral)armour unit.The research methodology utilizes the common wave flume test procedure.Furthermore,several verified numerical models in OpenFOAM code are used to gain the extra required data.The proposed armour is configured to provide an effective shore protection as an environmental-friendly coastal structure.Thus it is designed with a main trunk including deep grooves to imitate the typical geometry of a coral type configuration,so as to attain desirable performance.The observed results and an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)concept are used to compare the hydraulic performance of the studied traditional and newly proposed(artificial coral)armour units.The results indicate that the artificial coral armour unit demonstrates acceptable performance.The widely used traditional armour units might be replaced by newer designs for better wave energy dissipation,and more importantly,for fewer adverse effects on the marine environment.
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