Research status of solid waste application in shotcrete
The use of solid waste in shotcrete is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of sand and gravel resources in China and to help the implementation of"dual-carbon"strategy.This paper reviews the application of solid waste in shotcrete.Different solid waste can be used as a substitute for cement as a cementitious material and for coarse and fine aggregates as an aggregate in concrete.There are fly ash,slag powder,red mud,and desulfurization gypsum as cementitious materials to replace cement,while there are cavernous slag mechanism sand,tailings sand,coal gangue,recycled aggregates,and high titanium heavy slag to replace coarse and fine aggregates.The use of solid waste in the production of shotcrete can meet the standard requirements,while also reducing costs and environmental pollution.