首页|2022年中国部分地区预防接种单位国家免疫规划疫苗损耗调查

2022年中国部分地区预防接种单位国家免疫规划疫苗损耗调查

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目的 了解国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗损耗现状.方法 在中国东部、中部和西部地区选取8个省份21个县区的400家预防接种单位,收集2022年4种多剂次疫苗和7种单剂次疫苗的使用和接种剂次数,分析疫苗损耗系数、损耗原因和影响因素.结果 调查预防接种单位NIP疫苗总损耗系数为1.25,其中多剂次疫苗、单剂次疫苗分别为2.04、1.02,各疫苗损耗系数范围分别为1.52-3.30、1.00-1.06.线性秩回归分析显示,预防接种单位级别、服务周期、设置多剂次疫苗专日接种、日平均接种量和接种人员数量是疫苗损耗的影响因素.疫苗打开后超过规定时间所致损耗占已开封疫苗损耗的97.54%;过效期报废所致损耗占未开封疫苗损耗的69.15%.结论 调查地区预防接种单位多剂次疫苗损耗系数显著高于单剂次疫苗.需优化多剂次疫苗包装规格和预防接种服务模式,加强疫苗计划管理,提高疫苗使用效率.
Wastage of National Immunization Program vaccines in vaccination units:a cross-sectional survey in selected areas of China in 2022
Objective To assess wastage rates of National Immunization Program(NIP)vaccines in China.Methods We selected 400 vaccination units from 21 counties/districts of 8 provinces in eastern,central,and western regions of China and obtained data on consumed and administered doses of 4 multi-dose-vial vaccines and 7 single-dose-vial vaccines in 2022 to determine wastage coefficients,reasons for wastage,and influencing factors.Results The overall wastage coefficient of all NIP vaccines was 1.25 in the surveyed vaccination units and was 2.04(range:1.52-3.30)for multi-dose-vial vaccines and 1.02(range:1.00-1.06)for single-dose-vial vaccines.Linear regression analysis showed that vaccination unit level,service frequency,specific vaccination service for multi-dose-vial vaccines,daily doses administered,and number of vaccinators were factors influencing vaccine wastage.Wastage from exceeding the time limit of opened vials accounted for 97.54%of all wastage of opened vaccine vials and the wastage from exceeding expiration dates accounted for 69.15%of all wastage of unopened vaccine vials.Conclusions Wastage coefficients of multi-dose-vial vaccines were much higher than those of single-dose-vial vaccines.We suggest optimizing the packaging of multi-dose-vial vaccines and vaccination service modes and strengthening vaccine planning to improve the efficiency of vaccine use.

National Immunization ProgramVaccineVaccinationWastageInfluencing factorVaccination unit

文艺、崔健、刘怡、施露萌、郭爽、杨玉珍、康伟、余文周、曹雷、缪宁、张国民

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传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

国家免疫规划 疫苗 疫苗接种 损耗 影响因素 预防接种单位

新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项中国CDC公共卫生应急反应机制的运行项目

2021ZD0114205102393220020010000017

2024

中国疫苗和免疫
中国疾病预防控制中心

中国疫苗和免疫

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:2.311
ISSN:1006-916X
年,卷(期):2024.30(2)
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