2022年中国部分地区预防接种单位国家免疫规划疫苗损耗调查
Wastage of National Immunization Program vaccines in vaccination units:a cross-sectional survey in selected areas of China in 2022
文艺 1崔健 1刘怡 1施露萌 1郭爽 1杨玉珍 1康伟 1余文周 1曹雷 1缪宁 1张国民1
作者信息
- 1. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206;中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050
- 折叠
摘要
目的 了解国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗损耗现状.方法 在中国东部、中部和西部地区选取8个省份21个县区的400家预防接种单位,收集2022年4种多剂次疫苗和7种单剂次疫苗的使用和接种剂次数,分析疫苗损耗系数、损耗原因和影响因素.结果 调查预防接种单位NIP疫苗总损耗系数为1.25,其中多剂次疫苗、单剂次疫苗分别为2.04、1.02,各疫苗损耗系数范围分别为1.52-3.30、1.00-1.06.线性秩回归分析显示,预防接种单位级别、服务周期、设置多剂次疫苗专日接种、日平均接种量和接种人员数量是疫苗损耗的影响因素.疫苗打开后超过规定时间所致损耗占已开封疫苗损耗的97.54％;过效期报废所致损耗占未开封疫苗损耗的69.15％.结论 调查地区预防接种单位多剂次疫苗损耗系数显著高于单剂次疫苗.需优化多剂次疫苗包装规格和预防接种服务模式,加强疫苗计划管理,提高疫苗使用效率.
Abstract
Objective To assess wastage rates of National Immunization Program(NIP)vaccines in China.Methods We selected 400 vaccination units from 21 counties/districts of 8 provinces in eastern,central,and western regions of China and obtained data on consumed and administered doses of 4 multi-dose-vial vaccines and 7 single-dose-vial vaccines in 2022 to determine wastage coefficients,reasons for wastage,and influencing factors.Results The overall wastage coefficient of all NIP vaccines was 1.25 in the surveyed vaccination units and was 2.04(range:1.52-3.30)for multi-dose-vial vaccines and 1.02(range:1.00-1.06)for single-dose-vial vaccines.Linear regression analysis showed that vaccination unit level,service frequency,specific vaccination service for multi-dose-vial vaccines,daily doses administered,and number of vaccinators were factors influencing vaccine wastage.Wastage from exceeding the time limit of opened vials accounted for 97.54％of all wastage of opened vaccine vials and the wastage from exceeding expiration dates accounted for 69.15％of all wastage of unopened vaccine vials.Conclusions Wastage coefficients of multi-dose-vial vaccines were much higher than those of single-dose-vial vaccines.We suggest optimizing the packaging of multi-dose-vial vaccines and vaccination service modes and strengthening vaccine planning to improve the efficiency of vaccine use.
关键词
国家免疫规划/疫苗/疫苗接种/损耗/影响因素/预防接种单位Key words
National Immunization Program/Vaccine/Vaccination/Wastage/Influencing factor/Vaccination unit引用本文复制引用
基金项目
新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项(2021ZD0114205)
中国CDC公共卫生应急反应机制的运行项目(102393220020010000017)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据