Social listening is a process of extracting,mining,and analyzing social media information through big data collection and analysis.Social listening has been used in the field of health in recent years,showing certain advantages in the timeliness and sensitivity of monitoring and identifying Internet information.Based on review of relevant research literature at home and abroad,we summarize applications of social listening for monitoring and analyzing public attitudes toward vaccination,evolution of public opinions after occurrence of vaccination-related events,reasons for vaccine hesitancy,and early warnings of vaccine-preventable diseases.We discuss limitations and prospects of social listening in the field of vaccination research.