As China gradually enters the second phase of its nutritional transition,characterized by a high preva-lence of nutrition-related chronic diseases,the formulation of public policies related to healthy diets becomes increasingly ur-gent.However,the existing relevant public policies mainly focus on ensuring the safety of food supply and food hygiene standards,and pay relatively little attention to nutrition.Moreover,cognitive and behavioral factors are rarely considered when formulating nutrition and health-related public policies.Therefore,this paper will comprehensively analyze the cognitive and behavioral factors that are associated with nutrition and health,and analyze how to help residents form healthy dietary habits through policies from the micro level of food consumption and the macro level of supply,aiming at the problems of in-sufficient individual income and time,unhealthy dietary preferences,and unbalanced supply of healthy food.