摘要
目的 探究我国老年人的网络社交现况,并分析网络社交对老年人抑郁症状的影响.方法 选取2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据中≥60岁老年人抑郁症状和网络社交相关资料,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析网络社交对老年人抑郁症状的影响,并采用倾向性评分匹配(Propensity Score Matching,PSM)对网络社交的健康效应进行稳健性检验和异质性分析.结果 本次调查对象共纳入4994人,网络社交的老年人占总人数的10.69％,有抑郁症状的老年人占比为26.47％.多因素回归结果显示,在控制其他变量的情况下,与无网络社交的老年人相比,有网络社交的老年人出现抑郁症状的可能性更低(OR=0.581,95％CI:0.426～0.793,P＜0.05).1∶1匹配分析结果显示,网络社交能改善老年人的抑郁症状(ATT=-0.066,P＜0.05).异质性分析结果显示,网络社交对农村老年人抑郁症状具有改善作用(ATT=-0.083,P＜0.05),对城市老年人抑郁症状改善并无统计学意义(ATT=-0.052,P＞0.05).采用1∶4匹配(ATT=-0.048,P＜0.05)与核匹配(ATT=-0.052,P＜0.05)后,网络社交的健康效应结果依然稳健.结论 网络社交有利于改善老年人的抑郁症状,且农村居民可能是网络社交健康效应发挥作用的主要人群.政府和企业在社交软件开发的过程中,要重视数字产品适老化改造,兼顾城乡差异,注重数字公平.
Abstract
Objective To understand current status of online social interaction among the elderly in China,and to analyze the impact of online social interaction on depressive symptoms in the elderly.Methods The elderly aged 60 years and above were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018.Multivariate logistic regression mod-el was used to analyze the association between online social interaction and depressive symptoms in the elderly.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to test the robustness and heterogeneity of health effects of online social interaction.Results A total of 4994 partipants were included in this study,10.69％of them had online social interaction and 26.47％of them had depressive symptoms.Multivariate regression analysis showed that elderly with online social interaction were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those without online social interaction(OR=0.581,95％CI:0.426-0.793,P＜0.05)after controlling other variables.The results of 1∶1 propensity score matching showed that online social interaction could im-prove the depressive symptoms of the elderly(ATT=-0.066,P＜0.05).Heterogeneity analysis showed that online social interaction could improve the depressive symptoms of the rural elderly(ATT=-0.083,P＜0.05),but not the urban eld-erly(ATT=-0.052,P＞0.05).The results were still robust after 1∶4 matching(ATT=-0.048,P＜0.05)and ker-nel matching(ATT=-0.052,P＜0.05).Conclusion Internet social interaction is beneficial to improve depressive symptoms in the elderly,and rural residents may be the main population with the health effects of Internet social interac-tion.In the process of social software development,governments and enterprises should pay attention to the aging transforma-tion of digital products,urban-rural differences and digital equity.
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