美国洪水保险政策、制度、实践及启示
System Design and Implementation Rules of the National Flood Insurance Program in the United States and Development Implications
杨子彤 1王建龙 2王鹏 3王仕平 3邱荣庭 4苏德慧 5李俊奇6
作者信息
- 1. 北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室,北京 100044;中国城市规划设计研究院厦门分院,福建厦门 361000
- 2. 北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室,北京 100044;北京建筑大学北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100044
- 3. 北京建筑大学北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建协同创新中心,北京 100044
- 4. 北京建筑大学北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心,北京 100044
- 5. 海绵城市雨水收集技术有限公司,浙江宁波 315000
- 6. 北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室,北京 100044
- 折叠
摘要
洪涝灾害一直是全球灾害的重要组成部分.发达国家普遍通过实施洪水保险来降低经济损失、保障洪涝灾区公众财产安全、降低灾后社会经济影响,洪水保险已成为防治洪涝灾害的重要非工程措施之一.在实施洪水保险的国家中,美国的洪水保险政策经过多年的发展,在实践过程中不断完善并取得显著成效.系统介绍了美国洪水保险计划的立法过程,及其在长期实践中不断发展完善形成的制度体系、运行机制、资金管理、投保流程等制度设计和实施细则,结合我国的洪水管理现状,提出了我国建立洪涝保险的迫切性和必要性,以期为构建适应我国国情的洪涝保险法律制度提供借鉴.
Abstract
Flood disasters constitute a critical challenge in urban disaster prevention and mitigation.Flood insurance has been widely adopted in developed countries as an effective non-engineering measure to minimize economic losses,ensure the safety of citizens'property in flood areas,and mitigate the socio-economic impacts of disasters.Among these efforts,the national flood insurance program(NFIP)in the United States has achieved significant success through continuous improvements.This paper systematically introduces the legislative evolution and the institutional framework of the NFIP,including its system composition,operation mechanisms,fund management strategies,and insurance processes,which have been constantly improved in long-term practice.By examining the current situation of flood management in China,the study has valuable lessons from flood insurance systems in developed countries.It can provide support for designing a flood insurance policy for China.
关键词
洪水保险/洪水风险图/美国洪水保险计划(NFIP)/保险费率/再保险/洪涝灾害Key words
flood insurance/flood hazard map/national flood insurance program(NFIP)of the United States/premium rate/reinsurance/flood disaster引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
万方数据