Nipah virus(NiV),a zoonotic virus transmitted by bats,was first identified in Malaysia in 1999 and caused outbreaks in other regions of South and Southeast Asia,resulting in severe economic losses and human deaths.NiV is highly contagious and spreads among people through infected animals or other infected people,causing severe and fatal neurological and respiratory diseases with a high mortality rate.This paper discusses the characteristics,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,laboratory diagnosis,prevention and control of Nipah virus to provide reference for epidemic prevention and control of Nipah virus at frontier ports.