In this paper,transmission imaging and mercury intrusion are used to explore the deterioration damage characteristics of hydraulic concrete pore structures with freeze-thaw cycles.The results show that the freeze-thaw cycle significantly increases the number of harmful pores such as critical pore size and capillary pores,which has a serious impact on the deterioration of the pore structure and the reduction of strength of the surface concrete,and there is a damage gradient from the surface to the inside.In order to ensure the safe operation of hydraulic structures and their overall frost resistance,structural surface coating technology can be adopted.