Radiation-resistance mechanism and potential utilization of extremely radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans
Deinococcus radiodurans,known as"the most tenacious bacteria on Earth",can survive under extreme environments such as high doses of ionizing radiation,prolonged desiccation,and outer space.D.radiodurans can tolerate up to 15 kGy γ-radiation,which is more than 3000 times that of human cells.Aided by various experimental techniques,researchers have revealed that such robustness comes from the superior DNA damage repair capability and the synergy of multiple highly effective antioxidant systems of D.radiodurans.Therefore it can efficiently and accurately repair up to 100 double strand breaks produced simultaneously in the same genome within tens of hours,serving as an important model organism for studying DNA damage repair.In this article,the evolution,cell structures,DNA damage repair mechanisms,and antioxidant systems of D.radiodurans are reviewed,the strategies for its adaptation to extreme environments are shown,and the potential applications in radiotherapy and basic biological research,developments of stress-resistant elements,and radionuclide enrichment are discussed.
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