Macromolecules inside cells form condensates through phase separation to regulate complex and intricate biochemical reactions,ensuring the efficient and organized functioning of cellular activities.RNA,a highly abundant biomolecule within cells,plays a critical role in the formation and regulation of most condensates.RNA itself can undergo phase separation,and it can also influence protein phase separation through its charge and structural characteristics.Conversely,protein phase separation can regulate RNA production,metabolism,and function.Therefore,phase separation provides a new dimension for the functioning of protein-RNA biomolecular machineries.This article summarizes the mutual regulation between RNA and phase separation and offers prospects for the role of phase separation research in RNA biology in the future.
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