Aging is often accompanied by metabolic dysfunction,leading to various age-related diseases and significantly reducing the quality of life in the elderly.Multi-tissue transcriptomic atlas reveals that adipose tissue may be one of the most susceptible tissues and plays important roles in the aging process.Increased age is an internal cause for adipose tissue aging,while obesity serves as a prominent external factor that accelerates adipose tissue aging and exacerbates age-related diseases.Both age and obesity lead to adipose tissue aging and functional impairment,resulting in systemic metabolic dysfunction and age-related diseases.Adipose tissue aging is manifested as multiple pathological changes,including fat redistribution,impaired thermogenesis,diminished proliferation and adipogenic capacity of adipose derived stem cells,increased inflammation and fibrosis,senescence associated secretory phenotype.In addition,adipose tissue maintains systemic metabolic homeostasis via communicating with other tissues with secreted proteins,metabolites,extracellular vesicles,and non-coding RNAs,while adipose tissue aging may disrupt the crosstalk.Thus,targeting adipose tissue aging may improve metabolic homeostasis and alleviate age-related diseases.Indeed,some anti-aging therapies exert effects at least partially via adipose tissue.This review summarizes the characteristics of adipose tissue aging,as well as the relationship between adipose tissue aging and metabolic dysfunction with the crosstalk mechanisms.In summary,understanding adipose tissue aging and developing strategies against adipose tissue aging may provide novel insights in combating aging.
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