Recent advances in gel electrophoresis for the study of protein complexes
Protein complexes(PCs)occupy indispensable roles in cellular composition,as well as various physiological and biochemical processes.These vital functions encompass plasma membrane formation,signal transduction,antigen and antibody recognition,substance transport,energy metabolism,protein synthesis and degradation,and DNA damage repair.However,the separation and purification of PCs are crucial for comprehending their intricate structural nature and functional properties.Ensuring the structural integrity and biological activity of PCs has become a significant concern within this field.Gel electrophoresis has been extensively utilized in studying PCs due to its simplicity,operational ease,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency.In this review,we comprehensively examine non-denaturing gel electrophoresis techniques and various electrophoresis cascade methods,elucidating their respective attributes and associated technical procedures,all of which are suitable for studying PCs.This review provides a robust theoretical foundation,serving as a valuable technical resource for the efficient isolation of PCs.Additionally,it systematically evaluates the progress made in research involving cellular,extracellular,and non-cellular PCs,based on the aforementioned technologies.Despite significant advancements achieved through gel electrophoresis,there remains ample room for further development.Future directions in this technology involve customization,modularization,miniaturization,and automation,which emerge as primary trends shaping its evolution.Through progressive advancements in gel electrophoresis and synergistic integration of complementary techniques,our comprehension of PCs is destined to reach uncharted depths.The remarkable evolution of gel electrophoresis,coupled with synergistic technologies,will undeniably propel our understanding of PCs toward new frontiers.
gel electrophoresisprotein complexnativeseparation and purificationinteractive protein
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