Over the past decade,the study of phase separation in biology has opened up a new perspective for research.Phase separation is currently one of the most cutting-edge research fields in biology.Plants face dramatic changes in external environmental conditions,such as light,temperature,moisture,and mechanical stimuli during their growth and development.In order to survive and thrive in these conditions,plant cells must be able to quickly regulate gene expression in response to their changing surroundings.Recent research has revealed that the biomolecules within plant cells can form membraneless organelles through phase separation.These organelles play critical roles in compartmentalizing cellular activities,as a result regulate growth,development,and stress response in plants.This review describes the principles and functions of biomacromolecule phase separation,summarizes recent progress of phase separation in plant biology,and discusses the future directions for this fascinating area of study.
phase separationmembraneless organelleplant growth and developmentplant stress response
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