Research progress in regulation of seed germination
Seed germination is the initiation of plant life cycle.The dry seeds quickly recover their metabolic activities from a quiescent state during germination,which causes embryos to break through the surrounding structures during the completion of seed germination.Seed germination is a complex multiple-step process.It is regulated by many endogenous and exogenous factors,and has an important biological and economic significance in species survival,reproduction,and crop production.The molecular regulatory mechanism of seed germination,however,is now not fully understood.In recent years,many significant achievements have been made in the studies of seed germination and its regulation.In this article,the research progress in the regulation of seed germination was reviewed,mainly including physiological regulations,the roles of phytohormones(especially abscisic acid and gibberellins),controls of gene transcription and post-transcription,regulations of specific regulators,as well as epigenetic regulation.In addition,we also propose some scientific issues that need to be further investigated in this field,which will help to deeply understand the molecular mechanism of seed germination,increase seed germination vigor,and prevent pre-harvest sprouting.
epigeneticsphysiologyphytohormoneregulationseed germinationtranscription and post-transcription
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