Pluripotent stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential,and are the research focus of regenerative medicine.The study of pluripotent stem cells is conducive to understanding physiological processes such as development and the pathogenesis of related diseases,and has important theoretical research value and clinical application prospect.Calcium ions(Ca2+)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)are intracellular signaling molecules that play an important role in the fate regulation of stem cells.Under normal circumstances,the suitable ROS levels would maintain stem cell self-renewal and promote differentiation,but too high ROS levels would induce cell apoptosis.Ca2+is involved in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal in a variety of ways,including calcium-dependent cell signaling pathways,cell cycles,and epigenetic modifications,and calcium homeostasis,calcium signaling,and levels have a profound impact on the fate of various types of stem cells.These results are fundamental to advancing the field of stem cells,providing new opportunities and perspectives for the advancement of biomedical research and regenerative medicine.The function and regulatory role of Ca2+and ROS in stem cells will continue to be a key focus of research and application.This article will discuss how ROS and Ca regulate the fate of stem cells and the current research status,and look forward to the future development direction of this field.
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