Biological control is an important part of green control technology for plant protection,and an important technical means to effectively control pesticide dosage,ensure agricultural production safety,agricultural product quality safety and ecological environment safety,and promote agricultural sustainable development.The late Professor Pu Zhelong,academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and his team have made outstanding contributions in the field of biological control for pests.In terms of reproduction,release,protection and use of natural enemies to control pests,based on the fully investigation of host selection and reproduction of Trichogramma,and the eggs of Philosamia cynthia ricini were used as the intermediate host for mass reproduction of Trichogramma,which set a precedent and was widely applied to the control of sugarcane borers.Breeding and releasing the wasps of Anastatus fulloi to control Tessaratoma papillosa,the litchi and longan insect pests,which has been used till now;It excavated,inherited and promoted the cultural heritage of the motherland that used Oecophyllas maragdina to control citrus pests.The technique of four-cell propagation for the large scale breeding of the Anagrus nilaparvatae was established.In the aspect of the introduction of natural enemies to control pests,the introduction of Rodolia cardinalis and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri to control scale insects had been completed.It was suggested to introduce Coccobius azumai from the origin to control Hemiberlesia pitysophila,the new invasive pest in pine forest.In the control of insect pests by entomopathogenic microorganisms,Bacillus thuringiensis was used to control rice pests such as Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Tryporyza incertulas and the mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.Dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was used to control Dendrolimus punctatus;The insecticide of nuclear polyhedrosis virus,"Chongwen I",was developed and commercialized.Through the mutation of the virus genome or the introduction of foreign genes into the genome that can interfere with the metabolism and accelerate the death of insects,multiple high-efficient nuclear polyhedrosis virus strains were constructed.The entomopathogenic nematodes were used to control the banana moth of Opogona sacchari,a new invasive flower pest.In the aspect of integrated pest management,"integrated pest management based on the effectiveness of natural enemies of pests"had been implemented,that is,starting from the overall agricultural ecosystem,according to the mutual relationship between rice pests and the environment,giving full play to the control role of natural enemies,adjusting to local conditions and coordinating the application of necessary measures to control rice pests below the allowable level of economic loss.In the aspect of applied basic research,the community ecological mechanism of protecting and utilizing natural enemies and giving full play to the effectiveness of natural enemies was expounded.The immune interaction between Macrocentrus cingulum and its host was studied.The application of RNAi in pest biological control was investigated.The molecular mechanism of diapause in cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera,was studied systematically.Pest biological control is a systematic project involving the government,commercial departments,technical researchers,agricultural technology extension departments,consumers,farmers and other aspects of society,farmers are the final implementers of control measures,only let farmers fully understand the idea of pest biological control and technical system,in order to ensure that the biological control of the benefit of human technology to be accurate and effective implementation.
biological controlnatural enemies of pestsTrichogrammainsect pathogenic microorganismintegrated pest management
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