Streptomycetes in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang:from culturable resource diversity to exploring the biosynthetic potential of antimicrobial natural products
Antibiotic resistance is receiving increasing global concern,and the shortage of novel antimicrobial agents necessitates the discovery of new or more effective antibiotics.Desert habitats harbor abundant resources of streptomycetes,which serve as significant potential sources of novel bioactive natural products.However,these resources remain largely unexplored.This study aims to thoroughly explore the culturable actinobacteria,Streptomyces spp.in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang,China,and to investigate their potential for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial natural products.We isolated,purified,and identified Streptomyces spp.from four desert samples using eight different culture media.We subsequently conducted phenotypic observations,genomic prediction of the biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs),and antimicrobial activity evaluations on representative Streptomyces strains.In total,469 strains were isolated,accounting for 44.0％of the total isolates.From the genomes of 64 representative strains,1937 BGCs were predicted.They belonged to 1068 gene cluster families(GCFs),of which 97.5％exhibited high novelty and phylogenetic diversity for secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Additionally,antimicrobial screening revealed 41 representative strains to exhibit antagonistic activity against at least one clinically relevant pathogen,with two strains displaying broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.These findings demonstrate the exceptionally rich and diverse culturable resources of Streptomyces spp.in the Gurbantunggut Desert,the vast majority of which possess excellent potential for secondary metabolite biosynthesis and effective antimicrobial activity,thereby providing important foundations and strain sources for the isolation of novel antibiotics.
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