摘要
传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)是由原发性EBV感染引起的一种良性自限性疾病,在全球范围内具有较高的发病率.IM具有较长的潜伏期,其典型的临床"三联征"包括发热、咽峡炎和颈部淋巴结肿大,同时可伴有肝功能损害、肝脾肿大、皮疹等临床表现.IM的诊断需要结合临床表现和原发性EBV感染的实验室证据.目前,对于临床IM的治疗以对症支持为主,抗病毒治疗并不能获得显著临床效果.本文系统总结了IM的流行病学特征、发病机制、临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断以及治疗与预后等方面的进展,以期为IM的临床诊治和管理提供参考.
Abstract
Infectious mononucleosis(IM)is a benign,self-limiting disease caused by primary EBV infection,with a high incidence worldwide.IM has a relatively long incubation period,and its typical clinical"triad"includes fever,pharyngitis,and cervical lymphadenopathy,often accompanied by symptoms such as liver dysfunction,hepatosplenomegaly,and rash.The diagnosis of IM requires a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory evidence of primary EBV infection.Currently,the treatment of clinical IM primarily focuses on symptomatic support,as antiviral therapy does not yield significant clinical effects.This article systematically summarizes the epidemiological characteristics,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and differential diagnosis,as well as treatment and prognosis of IM,and provides guidance for the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and management of IM.
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