Development and application of chip-scale atomic clock and magnetometer
Quantum precision measurement and sensing aims to obtain a measurement accuracy beyond the limits specified by classical measurement techniques and achieve ultra-high precision measurements of physical quantities,such as magnetic field,inertia,gravity,and time by employing quantum resources and effects.With the advancement of quantum optics,atomic physics,and related fields,in addition to the incentives of the Nobel Prize and the"quantization"of the seven basic physical quantities of the International Unit,precision measurement has entered the quantum era.Compared with conventional sensors based on classical technology,quantum sensors can surpass the standard quantum limit.In addition,quantum sensors are more appropriate for precision measurements because they are not affected by manufacturing differences,defects,impurities,aging,and other factors.It has broad application potential in biomagnetism,geomagnetism,space magnetic field detection,and so on.Furthermore,its practical applications include complicated systems,poor portability and operability,high power consumption,and high cost.However,many issues remain to be addressed.Given the broad application prospect of precision measurement,certain international institutions,for instance,NIST,have begun researching chip-scale atomic sensing devices.Among the reponed chip-scale atomic systems thus far,the progress of the atomic clock and magnetometer is paramount.In this paper,we review the latest development and application of chip-scale atomic clocks and magnetometers and examine their opportunities and challenges.Finally,by taking the homebuilt microfabricated atomic magnetometer as an example,we describe the mechanism of spin squeezing-assisted quantum-enhanced metrology and provide a long-term outlook for chip-scale quantum-enhanced metrology.
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维普
