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铁基超导线材实用化研究进展

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铁基超导体是一种新型的实用化高温超导材料,具有极高的上临界场、高转变温度、较小的各向异性、高传输电流密度等优点,能够采用成本较低的粉末装管法制备成超导线带材.目前,通过引入轧制织构和加压烧结致密化等工艺,铁基超导带材的传输临界电流密度在10T磁场下已超过105A/cm2的实用化门槛,表明其在强电高场领域具有较强的应用潜力.与带材相比,线材具有更加对称的截面形状,能够更方便地进行电缆绞制,从而降低导线的电磁耦合效应,提高载流的均匀性和稳定性,满足高场应用需求.本文对铁基超导线材的发展与现状进行评述,对线材制备过程中的前驱粉制备、冷加工工艺、热处理技术等进行系统介绍,并对影响线材传输性能的微观结构和磁通钉扎特性进行详细阐述,其中包括不同金属包套的线材以及多芯线材.最后,对铁基超导线材的研究进行总结,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望.
Progress on iron-based superconducting wires for practical applications
Iron-based superconductors exhibit numerous advantages,including ultrahigh upper critical fields,high transition temperatures,low anisotropy,and remarkable transport current density.Furthermore,they can be made into superconducting wires and tapes by the economical powder-in-tube method.At present,the utilization of pressure sintering densification and grain texture technology has rendered the transport critical current density of iron-based superconducting tapes to exceed the practical level of 105A/cm2 under a magnetic field of 10T.Compared with superconducting tapes,the wires exhibit a more symmetrical cross-sectional shape,which makes it easier to twist the cables,thereby reducing the electromagnetic coupling effect of the wires,improving current uniformity and stability,and meeting the requirements of high-field applications such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)systems,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)systems,high-energy accelerators,and nuclear fusion reactors.This article presents an overview of the development and current status of iron-based superconducting wires;systematically introduces precursor powder preparation,cold working processes,and heat treatment technologies;and elaborates on the microstructure and flux-pinning characteristics that influence the transport performance of wires,including wires with different metal sheathes and multifilament wires.Last,a summary of studies on iron-based superconducting wires is presented,and future development trends are discussed.

iron-based superconductorpowder-in-tube methodcritical current densityiron-based superconducting wires

郭文文、姚超、熊颢、马衍伟

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中国科学院电工研究所,应用超导重点实验室,北京 100190

中国科学院大学,北京 100049

齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院,济南 250013

铁基超导体 粉末装管法 临界电流密度 铁基超导线材

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家重点研发计划中国科学院战略性先导科技专项中国科学院国际合作项目

51977204517210052018YFA0704200XDB25000000182111KYSB20160014

2023

10.1360/SSPMA-2023-0205

中国科学(物理学 力学 天文学)
中国科学院

中国科学(物理学 力学 天文学)

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子：0.644
ISSN：1674-7275
年,卷(期)：2023.53(12)
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