Under external driving forces,the system deviates from the equilibrium distribution and enters a non-equilibrium state,resulting in transport phenomena of both charge and energy and the emergence of many novel non-equilibrium phases.The transport of charge and energy through a quantum many-body material system is a fundamental process in the conversion and storage of energy and information,and material properties can undergo significant changes at the far-from-equilibrium conditions.A deep understanding and accurate calculation of non-equilibrium states in materials and devices,including transport properties,are essential for enhancing the control of material properties and advancing the related manufacturing technologies,constituting a key aspect of condensed matter physics and computational physics.
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