Soft active materials exhibit response to external stimuli.The response behaviors are deeply coupled with large deformations,giving rise to challenges in developing constitutive theories.In this paper,we review the recent developments in the characterization and multifield modeling of typical soft active materials,including shape-memory polymers,liquid crystal elastomers,dielectric elastomers,magnetosensitive elastomers,and smart hydrogels.Additionally,we also discuss the current status and limitations of the application of multifield coupling theoretical models to soft robot design,with the objective of offering insights for the future development of smart soft materials and soft robotics.
维普
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