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可验证的分布式盲量子计算

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盲量子计算(Blind quantum computation,简称BQC)技术让量子能力受限的用户可将量子计算任务委托给远程服务器执行,并同时保证输入、输出及算法的隐私性。但是在当前NISQ时期,由于受限于量子计算机的规模与性能,服务器无法完成大规模的量子计算任务。本文基于测量模型提出一种分布式BQC协议以扩大委托计算所能完成任务的规模。该协议将砖态结构资源态划分为两类较小规模的量子资源态,再借助优化后的非本地CZ操作将上述较小规模量子资源态纠缠成所需的较大规模的量子资源态,从而降低单个量子服务器的负担。而且优化后的非本地CZ操作的实现仅需服务器之间预共享Bell态而无需进行经典通信,这可以有效提高委托计算的并行性。此外,该协议还通过嵌入陷阱量子比特的方式实现可验证性。最后,针对未来量子服务器可能需要定期维护的情况提出一种量子服务器的替换方法。
Verifiable distributed blind quantum computation
Blind quantum computation(BQC)enables clients with limited quantum capabilities to delegate computational tasks to remote quantum servers while maintaining the privacy of inputs,outputs,and algorithms.However,in the NISQ era,servers cannot perform large-scale quantum computing tasks due to the constraints of the size and performance of quantum computers.Therefore,this paper proposes a distributed BQC protocol based on the measurement model to increase the possibility of implementing some tasks of larger size.The proposed protocol divides the brickwork resource states into two types of small-scale quantum resource states,which are subsequently entangled by using the optimized non-local CZ operations to construct a larger-scale quantum resource state.This approach can significantly reduce the burden on a single quantum server.Notably,the implementation of the optimized non-local CZ operation only requires pre-sharing a pair of Bell states without the need for classical communication between servers,which may boost the parallelism of delegated computation.In addition,the protocol also realizes verifiability by embedding trap qubits.Finally,a replacement strategy for any quantum server is suggested in anticipation of possible periodic maintenance of quantum servers in the future.

blind quantum computationdistributed quantum computationdelegated quantum computationverifiable quan-tum computation

熊文彪、全俊宇、谢幸佳、朱江、李琴

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湘潭大学计算机学院,湘潭 411105

盲量子计算 分布式量子计算 委托量子计算 可验证量子计算

2024

中国科学(物理学 力学 天文学)
中国科学院

中国科学(物理学 力学 天文学)

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:0.644
ISSN:1674-7275
年,卷(期):2024.54(11)