An integral method for estimating wall heat flux in spatially developing turbulent boundary layers
A novel method based on an integral analysis of the Reynolds-averaged energy equation is proposed to determine the wall heat flux in a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer.The method requires the wall-normal profiles of the mean temperature and wall-normal heat flux at only one streamwise location.Moreover,only the mean profiles in the region far away from the wall are required for estimation of the wall heat flux,instead of the data within the whole boundary layer.The influences of integration limits on the accuracy of the method are investigated,showing that the lower and upper integration limits have insignificant effects on the relative error.A number of direct numerical simulation and experimental datasets available in the literature are employed to assess the accuracy of the present method over a wide range of Reynolds numbers.The wall heat flux determined using the proposed method is found to be within±4％in agreement with the published values.The predictive model is shown to be robust and accurate in incompressible turbulent boundary layers under zero pressure gradient.
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