首页|Longitudinal gut fungal alterations and potential fungal biomarkers for the progression of primary liver disease
Longitudinal gut fungal alterations and potential fungal biomarkers for the progression of primary liver disease
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Liver disease,a major health concern worldwide,is a serious and progressive disorder.Herein,we not only established a mouse model of DEN+CCl4-induced primary liver disease but also collected clinical human samples to investigate longitudinal alterations in the gut my-cobiome.As liver disease advanced,gut integrity was disrupted,and the mycobiota was disturbed in the mouse models.The metabolites associated with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)differed from those associated with the cirrhotic phase as follows:levels of stercobilin and aflatoxin B1 dialcohol were reduced,while levels of triterpenoids,bafilomycin A1,and DHEA were increased in the HCC group.The abundance of the phylum Chytridiomycota increased as the chronic liver disease progressed and was then replaced by the phylum Asco-mycota in HCC.Based on the results from clinical human samples,the genus Candida(Ascomycota)(in humans)and the genus Kazachstania(Ascomycota)(in mice)occupied a dominant position in the HCC group,while other fungi were depleted.The increased abundance of C.albicans and depletion of S.cerevisiae may be hallmarks of the progression of liver cirrhosis to early HCC.Moreover,the administration of C.albicans and S.cerevisiae in the LC-HCC progression could accelerate or retard the progression of HCC.Therefore,gut fungi have the potential to serve as a noninvasive clinical biomarker and even a treatment method.
gut mycobiomeliver diseaselongitudinal studieshepatocarcinogenesisfungal biomarker
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases,National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,The First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310003,China
Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery,Department of Surgery,The First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310003,China
National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaShandong Provincial Laboratory ProjectResearch Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryResearch Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory