首页|Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review
Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review
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Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review
Magnetic holes at the ion-to-electron kinetic scale(KSMHs)are one of the extremely small intermittent structures generated in turbulent magnetized plasmas.In recent years,the explorations of KSMHs have made substantial strides,driven by the ultra-high-precision observational data gathered from the Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS)mission.This review paper summarizes the up-to-date characteristics of the KSMHs observed in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath,as well as their potential impacts on space plasma.This review starts by introducing the fundamental properties of the KSMHs,including observational features,particle behaviors,scales,geometries,and distributions in terrestrial space.Researchers have discovered that KSMHs display a quasi-circular electron vortex-like structure attributed to electron diamagnetic drift.These electrons exhibit noticeable non-gyrotropy and undergo acceleration.The occurrence rate of KSMH in the Earth's magnetosheath is significantly greater than in the solar wind and magnetotail,suggesting the turbulent magnetosheath is a primary source region.Additionally,KSMHs have also been generated in turbulence simulations and successfully reproduced by the kinetic equilibrium models.Furthermore,KSMHs have demonstrated their ability to accelerate electrons by a novel non-adiabatic electron acceleration mechanism,serve as an additional avenue for energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection,and generate diverse wave phenomena,including whistler waves,electrostatic solitary waves,and electron cyclotron waves in space plasma.These results highlight the magnetic hole's impact such as wave-particle interaction,energy cascade/dissipation,and particle acceleration/heating in space plasma.We end this paper by summarizing these discoveries,discussing the generation mechanism,similar structures,and observations in the Earth's magnetotail and solar wind,and presenting a future extension perspective in this active field.
Magnetic holeMagnetic dip/cavityElectron vortexMagnetosheathTurbulenceCoherent structureMirror modeKinetic scaleElectron accelerationWhistler
Quanqi SHI、Shutao YAO、Maria HAMRIN、Ji LIU
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Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment,Institute of Space Sciences,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China
Department of Physics,Umeå University,Umeå 90746,Sweden
Department of Physics,University of Alberta,Edmonton T6K 2P6,Canada
Magnetic hole Magnetic dip/cavity Electron vortex Magnetosheath Turbulence Coherent structure Mirror mode Kinetic scale Electron acceleration Whistler
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