Abstract
With growing demands for carbon emission reductions,stringent policies necessitate the transition towards low-carbon,cost-effective energy hub(EH)operations.Leveraging the integration of renewable energy sources,especially wind farms(WF)and photovoltaic(PV)stations,offers a significant opportunity for carbon emission reduction in EHs.This study introduces a method promoting low-carbon,economical operations for EHs in collaboration with WFs and PV stations.The research first outlines carbon emission dynamics for EHs in both cooperative and independent scenarios.Next,the study develops operational benefit models for WFs,PV stations,and EHs,factoring in the multifaceted electricity transactions between these entities and the main power grid.An optimization approach rooted in Nash bargaining gets introduced for the combined operation of WFs,PV stations,and EHs,accompanied by a decentralized algorithm to determine the Nash solution.The case study reveals that,against standalone operations,the cooperative strategy enhances operational gains for WFs and PV stations by 17.28％and 11.58％respectively while reducing EH operational costs and carbon emissions by 9.31％and 6.75％.
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