摘要
MAX相是一类三元化合物,具有层状晶体结构和混合化学键性质(共价-离子-金属键),因而其同时具有陶瓷和金属的特性.MAX相陶瓷展现出与其他传统陶瓷不同的独特性能.在本综述中,我们重点介绍了一些代表性的MAX相合成方法,这些方法具有成本效益和节能潜力.MAX相的纯度、杂质相的形成、微观结构和性能在制备过程中受到许多参数的影响.因此,我们特别强调了各种因素的影响,这些因素会交替削弱材料的制备效率和最终性能.本文总结了起始材料、化学计量比、温度、压力、粒度、孔隙率、微观结构、机械合金化、机械活化、离子辐照和掺杂等多个参数的影响,以揭示它们对MAX相合成和性能的影响.最后,我们探讨了MAX相在商业上的潜在应用,并展望其在工业领域的发展前景.
Abstract
MAX phases are a member of ternary carbide and nitride,with a layered crystal structure and a mixed nature of chemical bonds(covalent-ionic-metallic)that promote MAX phases embracing both ceramic and metal character-istics.As a result,MAX phase ceramics emerge with remark-able properties unique from other traditional ceramics.In this review,we focus on alternate processing approaches for MAX phases that are cost-effective and energy-saving.The MAX phase purity,formation of other unwanted phases,micro-structure,and properties are influenced by many parameters during processing.Therefore,we highlight the effect of nu-merous factors,which alternately diminish the efficiency and performance of materials.Here,the impact of several para-meters,such as starting materials,stoichiometric composi-tion,temperature,pressure,particle size,porosity,microstructure,mechanical alloying,mechanical activation,ion irradiation,and doping,are summarized to reveal their influence on the synthesis and properties of MAX phases.The potential applications of MAX phases are considered for their development on a commercial scale toward the industry.
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