首页|Trace element geochemistry and stable isotopic(δ13C and δ15N)records of the Paleocene coals,Salt Range,Punjab,Pakistan
Trace element geochemistry and stable isotopic(δ13C and δ15N)records of the Paleocene coals,Salt Range,Punjab,Pakistan
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The Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential;however,their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few sporadic samples.In this study,a total of 59 coal samples of which 14 are obtained from open cast mines have been investigated for elemental composition and 813C-815N isotopic signatures.Average con-tents of trace elements such as Co,Cr,Cu,Pb,Sr,Th,U,V,and Zn are 7.4,41.7,11.2,12.5,90.2,4.0,1.9,128,and 31.1 mg/kg,respectively.These values,when compared with the World Coal Clarke values,were rel-atively higher in low-rank coals in comparison with Clarke values for brown coals.Likewise,As(20.4 mg/kg),Co(6.6 mg/kg),Cr(22.4 mg/kg),Cu(13.3 mg/kg),Pb(19.2 mg/kg),Sr(154.7 mg/kg),Th(2.5 mg/kg),V(47.8 mg/kg),and Zn(75.1 mg/kg)were significantly higher in the sub-bituminous to bituminous coals of the Salt Range.Mineralogical analysis,based on X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spec-troscopy,revealed that the studied samples contain illite,kaolinite calcite,gypsum,pyrite,and quartz.Elemental affinity with organic and inorganic phases of coals calculated by an indirect statistical approach indicated a positive association of ash content with Ag,Al,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Mn,P,Rb,Pb,Th,U,and V,suggesting the presence of inorganic components in studied coals.However,As,Fe,Sr,and Zn exhi-bit negative correlations that imply their association with the organic fraction.The 813C and δ15N isotopic range and average-24.94‰ to-25.86‰(-25.41‰)and-2.77‰ to 3.22‰(0.96‰),respectively,reflect-ing 3C type modern terrestrial vegetation were common in the palaeomires of studied coal seams.In addition,the trivial variations of 0.92‰ and 0.45‰ among 13C and 15N values can be attributed to water level fluctuations and plant assemblies.
CoalSalt RangePakistanGeochemistryTrace elementsδ13C and δ15N isotopes
Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory,Department of Environmental Sciences,Faculty of Biological Sciences,Quaid-i-Azam University,PO 45320,Pakistan
Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China
Institute of Geology,University of the Punjab,Lahore 54590,Pakistan
Environment&Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines,University of Exeter,TR10 9EZ,UK
Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering,Kagoshima University,Kagoshima 890-0065,Japan
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Higher Education Commission Pakistan for funding the lab research under its International Research Support Initiative PrograDepartment of Environ-mental ScienceQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad(especially Environmental Hydro geochemistry Lab)Environment&Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of MinesUniversity of Exeterfor technical support in conducting lab
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