摘要
为了推动废弃矿井空间资源的精准开发利用,根据地质条件和形态方位差异对影响废弃矿井地下空间再利用的众多因素开展系统研究.首先,从资源禀赋状态、稳定性、安全性和区位条件4个维度构建了包含18个因素的指标体系.然后,引入K-means聚类算法避免了阈值确定的主观性和随意性,建立DEMATEL-ISM评价模型分析各因素间的相互作用关系.其次,构建多属性两阶段决策评价模型,采用TFN-TODIM方法对备选矿井排序.结果表明:"高度影响关系"类别的阈值包含63个,λ取值范围为0.107～0.248.各影响因素之间呈现复杂的同级和跨级作用关系,并得到了影响废弃矿井地下空间再利用的5个关键因素(煤层稳定性、围岩性质、地质构造复杂程度、开采深度、地质灾害发生频率)和3个根本因素(瓦斯浓度等级、矿井涌水量、煤层自燃倾向性).以地下旅游及休闲娱乐场所模式为例,各备选矿井的优劣势排序为A,(山西太原白家庄煤矿)＞A3(山东济宁唐口煤矿)＞A2(山西临汾团柏煤矿)＞A5(陕西榆林山东煤矿)＞A7(贵州遵义云安煤矿),最优先开发的矿井为山西太原白家庄煤矿.最后,展望了物资仓储、医疗场所、科研教学基地和深地工程等模式的决策评价模型的研究焦点和方向.研究结论为促进废弃矿井地下空间资源再利用提供了理论支撑,对推动矿区转型发展具有借鉴意义.
Abstract
To promote the precise development and utilization of space resources in abandoned mines,systematic research has been carried out on many factors affecting the utilization of un-derground space in abandoned mines according to geological conditions and morphological ori-entation differences.Firstly,an indicator system including 18 factors was constructed based on four aspects:resource endowment status,stability,security and location conditions,respec-tively.Secondly,the K-means clustering algorithm was introduced to avoid the subjectivity and arbitrariness of threshold determination,and the DEMATEL-ISM evaluation model was established to analyze the interaction between various factors.Then,a multi-attribute two-stage decision-making evaluation model was constructed,and the TFN-TODIM method was applied to sort the alternative mines.The results show that there are 63 thresholds for the'highly influential relationship'category,with λ values ranging from 0.107 to 0.248.There are complex peer and cross-level affecting relationships between every influencing factor.And five key factors(coal seam stability,surrounding rock properties,geological structure com-plexity,mining depth and geological hazard frequency)and three fundamental factors(gas concentration level,mine water inflow,and coal seam spontaneous combustion tendency)af-fecting the utilization of underground space in abandoned mines are obtained.Taking the un-derground tourism and recreation places as an example,the rank of each alternative mine is A1(Baijiazhuang coal mine,Taiyuan,Shanxi)＞A3(Tangkou coal mine,Jining,Shandong)＞A2(Tuanbai coal mine,Linfen,Shanxi)＞A5(Shandong coal mine,Yulin,Shaanxi)＞A7(Yun'an coal mine,Zunyi,Guizhou).Baijiazhuang coal mine in Taiyuan,Shanxi province is the optimal location for transformation.Finally,the research focus and directions of the deci-sion-making evaluation model for material storage,medical place,scientific research and teaching bases,and deep engineering have been prospected.The conclusions of this paper pro-vide theoretical support for promoting the utilization of underground space resources in aban-doned mines and are of guiding significance for the transformation and development of mining areas.
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