摘要
目的 分析南阳市2023—2024年度流感监测数据,为流感防控提供依据.方法 收集2023年4月至2024年3月中国流感监测信息系统中南阳市流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)监测资料,分析ILI流行特征、人群分布特征、核酸检测结果的时间、性别、年龄分布情况.结果 2023—2024年度南阳市两家哨点医院监测的ILI占同期科室就诊病例总数的1.24％,其中国家级哨点医院为0.96％,非国家级哨点医院为1.58％,差异有统计学意义(x2=676.470,P<0.001).本年度共检测ILI标本2231份,流感病毒核酸阳性505份,阳性率22.64％,其中甲型H3N2亚型332份(65.74％),乙型Victoria系158份(31.29％),甲型H1N1亚型15份(2.97％).根据标本不同来源进行分析,暴发疫情阳性检出率最高(45.00％),高于国家级哨点医院的27.46％(x2=5.877,P=0.015),国家级哨点医院阳性检出率高于非国家级的16.99％(x2=34.782,P<0.001).0～4岁组阳性检出率最低(11.42％),25～59岁组阳性检出率最高(30.69％),不同年龄组间阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=90.296,P<0.001).流行高峰在10月至次年3月,其中,11月份阳性率最高,为64.29％,从11月至次年3月阳性率逐渐降低.10—12月以甲型H3N2为主,1—3月以乙型Victoria系为主,不同月份阳性标本流感病毒亚型分布差异有统计学意义(x2=398.472,P<0.001).结论 人群对流感病毒普遍易感,应广泛开展健康教育,提高公众对流感预防的重视度;持续开展病原学监测,及时了解病原型别构成,为流感疫苗的开发使用提供更多的科学依据.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the influenza surveillance data from 2023 to 2024 in Nanyang City and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods The data of influenza-like illness (ILI) outbreak in Nanyang City from April 2023 to March 2024 in the China Influenza Surveillance Information System were collected,and the epidemic characteristics,population distribution characteristics,and time,gender and age distribution of nucleic acid test results for ILI were analyzed.Results ILI monitored by the two sentinel hospitals in Nanyang City from 2023 to 2024 accounted for 1.24％ of the total number of hospital-visited patients in the same period,with 0.96％ in the national sentinel hospitals and 1.58％ in the non-national sentinel hospitals (x2=676.470,P<0.001).In this year,a total of 2231 ILI samples were detected,and 505 were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid (22.64％),including 332(65.74％) for type A H3N2,158(31.29％) for type B Victoria,and 15(2.97％) for type A H1N1. According to the analysis of samples from different sources,the positive detection rate of outbreaks was the highest (45.00％),which was significantly higher than that of national sentinel hospitals (27.46％) (x2=5.877,P=0.015).The positive detection rate of national sentinel hospitals was significantly higher than that of non-national hospitals (16.99％) (x2=34.782,P<0.001).The positive detection rate in 0-4 years old group was the lowest (11.42％),and the positive detection rate in 25-59 years old group was the highest (30.69％).There was a significant difference in the positive detection rate among different age groups (x2=90.296,P<0.001).The epidemic peak was from October to March of the following year,in which the positive rate was the highest in November(64.29％),and the positive rate gradually decreased from November to March of the following year.Influenza A H3N2 was predominant from October to December,and influenza B Victoria was predominant from January to March.There was a significant difference in the distribution of positive influenza virus subtypes in different months(x2=398.472,P<0.001). Conclusion The population is generally susceptible to influenza virus.Health education should be carried out extensively to enhance the public's attention to influenza prevention.Etiological surveillance is recommended to continuously carry out,and the composition of disease prototypes should be timely strengthened,thus providing more scientific bases for the development and use of influenza vaccines.
万方数据