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全球变暖背景下高温热浪对飞机起飞性能的影响

The impact of heat wave on aircraft takeoff performance in the context of global warming

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在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著.利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本 2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boe-ing performance software)分析了中国 1973-2022 年期间机场高温热浪发生的趋势,并定量评估了未来高温热浪事件对B737-800 飞机最大起飞重量和起飞滑跑距离的影响.结果表明,1973-2022 年期间平原机场纬度越低,高温日数上升趋势越明显,高温热浪事件在 1989 年后显著增多,而高原机场在此期间未发生高温热浪事件;2096-2100 年期间 4 个机场的飞机最大起飞重量全部受到高温影响的限制,相较于2010-2014 年减载天数明显增多,其中高原机场受影响程度最大;当飞机满载飞行时,飞机在 3 个平原机场的起飞滑跑距离随温度升高并呈非线性变化,温度越高,增长趋势越明显.该结论可为未来改造或新建机场跑道及航空公司制定飞行计划提供重要的参考依据.
In the context of global warming,there has been a significant increase of heat wave events and their impact on air-craft performance is becoming more pronounced.Based on observed data of airport meteorological stations,com-munity earth system model version 2(CESM2)and Boeing performance software(BPS),the trends of heat waves at Chinese airports during 1973-2022 are investigated.Furthermore,the influence of future heat wave events on max-imum takeoff weight and takeoff distance of B737-800 aircraft are evaluated quantitatively.Results show that dur-ing 1973-2022,the lower the latitude of plain airport is,the more obvious increase of the trend of hot days can be.Heat wave events appear more frequently after 1989,but there is no heat wave events at the high plateau airport during this period.The maximum takeoff weight of aircraft across the four airports would be all limited by the high temperature during the period of 2096-2100.The number of weight-restriction days increases obviously compared to the period of 2010-2014,with high plateau airport being the most severely impacted.When the aircraft are fully loaded at the plain airports,the takeoff distance increases with temperature rise and changes non-linearly,showing a stronger increase with higher temperature.The conclusion can provide an important reference for future renova-tion or construction of airport runway as well as flight planning of airlines.

global warmingheat waveairportaircraft performancemaximum takeoff weight of aircrafttakeoff distance

王坤、彭湘华、刘海文、但博、王愚

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中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津 300300

国家海洋信息中心海洋环境信息保障技术重点实验室,天津 300012

上海民航职业技术学院空港管理学院,上海 201399

全球变暖 高温热浪 机场 飞机性能 飞机最大起飞重量 起飞滑跑距离

国家自然科学基金民航联合研究基金重点项目国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项

U203320741906009421060163122018D023

2024

中国民航大学学报
中国民航大学

中国民航大学学报

影响因子：0.363
ISSN：1674-5590
年,卷(期)：2024.42(3)
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