Recent research in neuroimmunology has revolutionized our understanding of the intricate interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system(CNS).The CNS,an"immune-privileged organ",is now known to be intimately connected to the immune system through different cell types and cytokines.While type 2 immune responses have traditionally been associated with allergy and parasitic infections,emerging evidence suggests that these responses also play a crucial role in CNS homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.Type 2 immunity encompasses a delicate interplay among stroma,Th2 cells,innate lymphoid type 2 cells(ILC2s),mast cells,basophils,and the cytokines interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,TSLP and IL-33.In this review,we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of type 2 immune cells and cytokines in CNS injury and homeostasis,cognition,and diseases such as tumors,Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Type 2 immunityMeningeal immunityNeuroimmunology
Tornike Mamuladze、Jonathan Kipnis
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Center for Brain Immunology and Glia(BIG),Washington University in St.Louis,St.Louis,MO 63110,USA
Department of Pathology and Immunology,School of Medicine,Washington University in St.Louis,St.Louis,MO 63110,USA
Immunology Graduate Program,School of Medicine,Washington University in St.Louis,St.Louis,MO 63110,USA
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