Flax is an important source of natural fibers used by the textile industry.There are broad prospects for flax cultivation and processing.With the development and application of biotechnology , flax molecular markers, construction of genetic linkage map , transgenic breeding and proteomics have been made a lot of achievements.Which are the foundation for the flax germplasm innovation and breeding of new resistant varieties with good quality and high yield.This paper discussed the development on flax molecular biology in recent years.