Ploidy breeding is a novel method aimed at enhancing crop yield and stress resistance through altering chromosome numbers.To assess the impact of polyploidy on industrial hemp,tetraploid plants were firstly identified using flow cytometry and chromosome counting techniques.Subsequently,phenotypic differences between diploid and autotetraploid industrial hemp were analyzed.Results revealed that tetraploid industrial hemp exhibited enlarged organs,with notable alterations in leaf length,leaf width,petiole length,thickness,and area.Stomata in tetraploid plants were significantly enlarged,albeit at a density less than half that of diploid counterparts.Additionally,tetraploid hemp plants demonstrated delayed flowering compared to diploid plants.This study provides a theoretical basis for ploidy breeding in industrial hemp.
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