The Logic of Cooperatives Running Enterprises:A Multi-Case Analysis from the Perspective of Membership Heterogeneity
Based on four typical cases from Jilin,Sichuan,Ningxia,and Shandong,this paper explores the driving factors,pattern choices,and heterogeneous effects of cooperative-owned enterprises from the perspective of member heterogeneity.The results are as the follows.(1)Cooperatives and enterprises are two forms of agricultural industry organization,and the combination of cooperatives and enterprises is more efficient than any single one of them.(2)The extent of membership heterogeneity determines the specific mode of cooperatives running enterprises.Cooperatives with low heterogeneity of members usually invest in public goods in the cooperatives by all members,and all members running enterprises are conducive to providing members with property rights incentives and promoting the investment of special assets of cooperatives.In contrast,cooperatives with high heterogeneity of members are usually experience core members undertaking collective specific asset investment,and enterprises run by core members are conducive to property rights incentives for investors.(3)Both patterns of cooperative-owned enterprises enhance the welfare of ordinary rural households,but the pattern of core members-owned enterprise may lead to a significant"entrepreneurial"drift in the cooperative's governance structure.These findings have important policy implications for optimizing the organizational innovation and governance structure of farmers'cooperatives.
Cooperatives Running EnterprisesMembership HeterogeneityFarmer Income IncreaseGovernance Structure
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