Several Growth and Development Traits of High-yield Feizixiao Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Feizixiao litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)is the most widely grown cultivar in China.Comparative studies on the growth and development traits of Feizixiao litchi trees in different areas can provide reference for tree canopy,nutrient,flowering and fruit management and region-specific development,also technical schemes of high-yield and overcome alternate bearing of litchi varieties.The phenological stages of Feizixiao litchi in 39 orchards of 24 counties in six provinces(autonomous region)between 18°32'N and 28°47'N,were recorded from 2008 to 2022.The annual growth of branches,leaves and flower panicles of fruit-bearing trees were measured from 18 orchards in Hainan,Guangdong,Yunnan provinces and Guangxi.The major nutrients con-tents of branch,leaf and flower panicles were assayed and the nutrient requirements in different parts of the plant were calculated.The results showed that in main growing areas of Feizixiao litchi,the terminal autumn shoots matured between late August and mid-November.Panicle primordia appeared from late November to mid-February.Full blossoms occurred between early February and early April,and fruit matured from late A-pril to the end of July.The period time of three autumn shoots growth was 35.9,39.5 and 40.2 days.It took 87 days for induction of flower panicles from autumn shoots,56 days for flower bud differentiation,and 63 days for fruit development.The trees were heavily pruned post-harvesting to the height of about 1.5 m above ground to form dwarf type tree in Hainan province,whereas they were pruned to about 2-3 m high to shape tall type tree in west of Guangdong.The tree grew 1 to 3 times autumn flush after harvest.There were 16 shoots per m2 of canopy surface,and average length of flush was 37.7 cm,with 17 compound leaves and 104 leaflets.The average annual fresh weights of stems,leaves and flower panicles on each tree were 16.8 kg,40.2 kg and 17.2 kg,respectively,and the corresponding dry weights were 9.2 kg,23.2 kg and 7.2 kg,respectively.The contents of major nutrient elements in autumn shoots were:N 0.76％,P 0.26％,K 0.72％,Ca 0.54％and Mg 0.15％in stems;N 1.78％,P 0.17％,K0.94％,Ca 0.77％and Mg 0.25％in leaves;N 2.20％,P 0.36％,K 1.74％,Ca 0.32％and Mg 0.29％in flower panicles.The annual consump-tion of major nutrient elements in one Feizixiao litchi tree were N 0.70 kg,P 0.10 kg,K 0.46 kg.The proportions of N,P,K in autumn shoots were 71.4％,70.0％,and 63.0％of the annual amount,respective-ly.From the aspect of production stability of recent years,Feizixiao litchi performed better in Lingshui,Qion-ghai,Haikou of Hannan,Tieshangang,Hepu of Guangxi,Lianjiang of Guangdong.In conclusion,the pheno-logical period of Feizixiao litchi were delayed with the latitude moving northward and the altitude increasing,and the duration of fruit harvest extended to three months.The dates of the terminal shoot hardening and the fruit maturation varied more significantly,while the panicle emergence time differed slightly.The nutrition demand of stems and leaves is large,and ensuring the growth of autumn shoots as an important basis for supporting yield and quality.
Feizixiao litchiphenological phasehigh-yieldannual growthnitrogen phosphorus and potassium
万方数据
