Mango is an important tropical fruit,and the development of effective methods for identification and evaluation of dwarfing is crucial for the exploration,utilization,and accelerating breeding of dwarfing mango resources.In this study,180 mango germplasm resources from Huaping County,Yunnan,were used as re-search materials.Seven morphological indicators potentially related to dwarfing,including autumn shoot length,autumn shoot diameter,internode length,petiole length,petiole width,leaf length,and leaf width were measured.A combined approach of correlation analysis,normal distribution test,membership function,and principal component analysis was employed to grade and identify the dwarfing levels of the 180 mango re-sources and a comprehensive evaluation system suitable for mango dwarfing was established.The results showed that the seven related morphological indicators,including autumn shoot length,exhibited good genetic diversity and followed or approximately followed a normal distribution.Principal component analysis extracted three components,explaining 71.845%of the original data information for the correlated indicators,which preliminarily confirmed the seven related traits including autumn shoot length as major morphological indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of mango dwarfing and effectively evaluating the dwarfing characteristics of mango germplasm.The comprehensive evaluation results classified the 180 mango germplasm resources into five grades:Grade I(dwarfing)with 8 resources,Grade Ⅱ(semi-dwarfing)with 12 resources,Grade Ⅲ(sub-erect)with 66 resources,Grade Ⅳ(erect)with 60 resources,and Grade V(extreme-erect)with 34 re-sources.Several dwarfing or semi-dwarfing germplasm resources were identified,including Guire 71,Hong-guang 3,Bangchpalli,Aiwen,Gaozhou Lüsong,Lingshui Daming,Longjing Daming,Mexican Mango,Bra-zilian Red Mango,Chenpi Mango,Cuiyun,Guire 3,Kaihao Mango,Kaitai,Nandou Mango 4,Renong 16,Appee,Krs,Kent,and Renong 2.The study demonstrated that using autumn shoot length and the other sev-en major morphological indicators as measurement parameters and employing a comprehensive evaluation meth-od based on principal component analysis for evaluation and identification of dwarfing characteristics is accurate and reliable,which provided a scientific basis for the in-depth exploration and development of mango dwarfing resources.
Yunnanmangodwarfing characteristicsmorphological indicatorsidentificationcomprehen-sive evaluationnormal distribution
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