Case research on the production costs and benefits of Xiangnan navel orange
Analyzing the composition of production costs and benefits of navel orange cultivation can provide reference for improving production management.Using a family-run,moderate scale and meticulously managed navel orange orchard in Yizhang County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province(1.52 hectares,planted in 2002,reaching high yield period in 2007)as the case,the changes in yield and market prices over a ten-year period from 2012 to 2021 were investigated,and the cost inputs,specific input composition and production benefits were analyzed.The results indicated that during the ten years,the price of the oranges ranged from 4.2 to 6.6 CNY/kg,with an average unit area output value of 10,200 CNY/667 m2.Production costs averaged at 2,666.7 CNY/667 m2,yielding a profit of 7,552.6 CNY/667 m2 and a cost-profit ratio of 293％.Labor costs consti-tuted the highest proportion of total production costs at 38.80％,followed by agricultural inputs(fertilizers and pesticides)at 36.49％.From 2012 to 2016,the average labor cost was 881.57 CNY/667 m2,and in-creased to 1,296.70 CNY/667 m2 from 2017 to 2021,representing a nearly 50％increase.On average,the production cost per unit yield was 1.56 CNY/kg over the ten years.Reducing labor costs is identified as a key factor of enhancing the profitability of navel orange production.
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