Catheter-related bladder discomfort after general anesthesia:mechanisms,treatment,and prevention
Catheter-related bladder discomfort(CRBD)refers to a bladder irritation syndrome caused by indwelling urinary catheters following general anesthesia.This review primarily explores the mechanisms,grading,adverse effects,treatment strategies,and preventive measures of CRBD.Key findings include:1)CRBD occurrence is likely influenced by multiple factors such as anatomical features,gender,age,surgical type,catheterization procedures,timing of anesthesia,and anesthetic agents;2)Treatment options for CRBD include M receptor blockers and analgesic medications;3)Various preventive measures can reduce CRBD incidence,including appropriate catheter selection,insertion,and removal techniques,use of topical anesthetics,and regional nerve blocks;4)Optimal anesthesia techniques,drug combinations,and preoperative psychological interventions may also help prevent CRBD.In conclusion,this article provides valuable insights into the prevention and management of CRBD in clinical practice.However,further research and clinical validation are needed to elucidate its specific mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies.
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