The Rise and Fall of Jingqu and the Uncertainty of Guanzhong Irri-gation Area Since Song and Yuan Dynasties:Centering on the"Jingqu Map"of the Past Dynasties
Yinjing irrigation was a national large-scale water conservancy project since Qin,Han,Tang and Song dynasties.In the course of more than two thousand years of development,it had experienced devel-opment,prosperity,ups and downs,decline and rebirth.It was a very typical type of water conservancy.Due to the great destructiveness of the flood and sand in the Jinghe River and the instability of the diversion head project,many uncertainties had been brought to the Guanzhong irrigation area.Since Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,a series of national water control and reconstruction projects in Jing Canal water conservan-cy,as well as the accompanying water laws and regulations,drainage funds,labor recruitment,water distribu-tion schemes and water rights system,are designed to deal with uncertainty.However,things were contrary to one's wishes.Since the Song Dynasty,especially since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Guanzhong water conservancy had always failed to maintain a long-term and stable operation,often in a state of ups and downs,and the people could not bear it.In the second year of Qianlong(1737),the project of"refusing Jing and diverting spring"meant that all the efforts made by officials to realize Jing canal weather in Han and Tang dynasties eventually failed.
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