The Wangying Water Reducing Dam,constructed on the northern bank of the Yellow River during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty,serves as an overflow dam with its southern boundary alongside the Yellow River and its northern connection to the Yanhe River.Situated in close proximity to the Qingkou of the intersection of the Yellow River,Huai River and the Canal,this large-scale project strategically leverages its unique geographical location and terrain conditions for diverting water into the Yanhe River to the north.The dam functioned as flood reduction for the Yellow River,prevention of rising water levels that could threat-en the safety of the river embankment,facilitation of Huai River water flow,and establishment of a transporta-tion channel for firewood and salt originating from the source of the Yanhe Canal.Over time,due to long-time openings and releases of water from the dam,the dam's base underwent erosion,creating a deep pond and ren-dering the original construction site problematic.Throughout the Qianlong,Jiaqing,and Daoguang periods,the dam underwent multiple reconstructions and relocations.It was found that the Wangying Dam revealed a discernible westward migration pattern as a whole after the archaeological excavation.This shift is attributed to the Yellow River's eastward flow,the overflow dam positions it closer to the incoming water,thereby en-hancing its flood discharge efficiency.This illustrates the dam's primary objective of controlling the Yellow River to safeguard both waterways and cities,while minimizing the impact on flooding the governmental insti-tutions,flourishing cities,and densely populated areas.This approach not only maximizes economic and polit-ical benefits but also aligns with the court's political agenda of river governance and water transport protection.
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