Since the Qianlong period,the Qinba Mountain area had flourished with an industrial sys-tem mainly focused on raw material supply and primary processing,attracting a large number of refugees to come to the mountains for livelihood.The influx of refugees had increased the pressure on food supply in mountainous areas,and corn had became an important commodity grain.After the White Lotus Sect inci-dent,in order to maintain social stability in mountainous areas,the government adopted a policy of develop-ing resource consuming industries to resettle refugees,which further strengthened the main grain status of corn.However,the sudden climate change during the Jiaqing and Daoguang period,combined with resource intensive industrial policies,led to soil erosion in mountainous areas,impacting the fragile social order that the government had been striving to maintain.In the integration of multiple factors,the government ultimate-ly chosen the governance model of exchanging environmental resources for social stability in mountainous areas,and corn remained the main crop of concern.